→ “AI system” means a machine-based system designed to operate with varying levels of autonomy, that may exhibit adaptiveness after deployment and that, for explicit or implicit objectives, infers, from the input it receives, how to generate outputs such as predictions, content, recommendations, or decision that can influence physical or virtual environments

1. 1936 Alan Turing develops the theory of computation
2. 1945 Von Neumann develops the logic structure of modern computers
3. 1948 N. Wiener Cybernetics
4. 1956 Official start of research on AI

→ Machine Learning: the branch of CS aimed at “teaching” to a machine to learn a given task without programming it explicitly before

Why is AI so important for the Legal system ?

• Decisions are complex
• Decisions are inefficient
• Decisions are costly

Ethics ?

• AI is no longer a tool, it can be used as an assistant or as a replacement to humans

• the practical reliance on AI systems represents the “first principle” of algorithmic reasoning

• Ethics guidelines for Trustworthy AI

  • it should be lawful, complying with all applicable laws and regulations
  • it should be ethical, ensuring adherence to ethical principles and values
  • it should be robust, both from a technical and social perspective since, even with good intentions, AI systems can cause unintentional harm

  → these three should work in harmony and overlap in their operation

Legal and Ethical principles of AI

• Transparency: The right to be informed of the existence of a relevant AI deciding
• Inclusivity: The right not to be subjected to a decision taken exclusively on the basis of an AI
• Explainability: The right to have an intelligible explanation of the motivation of the AI decision
• Fairness: The right not to be subjected to a decision taken on the basis of a discriminatory or biased AI

→ Ethics: